By J.S. Laskowski and J. Ralston (Eds.)
Inside this quantity is an intensive assurance of the elemental ideas embracing sleek theories of colloid chemistry utilized to mineral processing. it really is written in admire for Dr. J.A. Kitchener, unique Reader within the technological know-how of Mineral Processing within the Royal institution of Mines, Imperial university, collage of London (recently retired). Dr. Kitchener's services in colloid chemistry has ended in a number of primary insights and useful advances in flotation, selective flocculation, and the therapy of slimes.
Colloid chemistry is unavoidably fascinated by all points of mineral processing, starting from how creditors selectively adsorb directly to mineral surfaces in flotation, to the forces which regulate the soundness of dispersions of submicron debris, in addition to embracing the behaviour of hydrolyzed steel ions in solid-water slurries. The clever use of this knowledge is key within the potent layout of separation tactics and methods via the mineral processor. brand new bibliographies are integrated on the finish of every of the thirteen chapters making this quantity an invaluable common source for researchers, scholars and mineral processors
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Sample text
Fo r a rea l monolayer , at th e sam e valu e of xf, componen t i ha s a chemica l potentia l μ\ an d an interfacia l tensio n 7 . Analogou s to th e situatio n in bul k solutio n [se e equatio n (15) ] we defin e th e chemica l potentia l of i in th e rea l monolaye r as [12,13] : μ] = μ? + RT Intfx ? - ( 7 - 7 > / (60 ) (61 ) Thi s implie s tha t th e activit y coefficient/ ? is define d as [13] : , (μί - μ ·, ρ) + β,·(7 - P) 7 In/ ? ■ Agai n a monolaye r of pur e i is use d as standar d state , so tha t for x* = 1 als o fl = 1.
Is the mola r quantit y of th e pur e component . Th e chang e in Gibb s energ y on mixin g A mG is give n by equation s (18) , (15 ) an d (8) as: A mG = Y^n iRT\nf ix i I (19 ) In th e cas e of a perfec t solutio n by definitio n A mV = 0, A mH = 0 an d ft = 1, hence : (20 ) A mG p ^Y^rtiRTlnxi i In general , at constan t temperatur e A mG = A mH — T mS so tha t accordin g to equatio n (20 ) we obtai n for th e entrop y of mixin g of a perfec t mixture : A m5 p = - ^ n / ^ l n x / (21 ) Equation s (19)-(21 ) pla y a centra l rol e in th e thermodynamic s of solution s an d mixtures .
Complication s ofte n occu r throug h interferenc e betwee n the differen t mineral s present . It migh t be suppose d tha t th e mineral s in an ore woul d be mutuall y in equilib rium , havin g remaine d in clos e proximit y for million s of years . Bu t fine-grinding of an or e in wate r may set off new processe s throug h dissolution , hydrolysis , ad sorption , oxidatio n or colloida l interaction . Th e activ e surface s of freshl y crushe d crystal s may adsor b ion s from slightl y solubl e constituents ; for example , a trac e of Pb 2+ comin g from oxidizin g galen a may be sufficien t to "activate " silicat e toward s flotation reagents .