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Additional resources for Constructing Private Governance: The Rise and Evolution of Forest, Coffee, and Fisheries Certification
Sample text
Varieties of Private Governance Considerable attention has been paid to parsing out the various forms of private governance. Typologies focus on the actors involved, the functions performed, the problems addressed, the character of the rules developed, and reasons why regulatory targets participate and choose to comply. This analysis makes two contributions to advancing understandings of certification in its various specific forms. The first is to focus on the effects of particular design features that have been thus far inadequately examined.
The model does not explain which certifier, or certifiers, will emerge and persist. Will it be just one or two programs, something like the pattern in the forest sector? Or will it be many programs, more akin to the pattern in the fisheries or coffee sectors? This counterintuitive role of market demand is also important for two other reasons. The first is because it shows that there will be different challenges facing programs that begin as global versus local. Programs � that start with global structures face the top-down challenge of courting potential supporters and preventing entry by competitor programs.
Here, it interacts with the market conditions and the just-discussed struggles within programs to affect the pattern of programs that form in a sector. This occurs through two processes. First, early programs and participants generate information that makes it easier for later programs to develop and penetrate the market. This is known as learning by adoption. The promotional work of an early program and its supporters in fostering market demand for certified products will reduce uncertainty about the benefits of becoming certified.